Posted:14 August 2026 Source:8 April 2026
General arachnology news

A tarantula genome opens a 300-million-year comparison across spiders

Researchers assembled a 6.5-billion-base chromosome-level genome for a male Aphonopelma marxi tarantula, then compared it with 20 other spider genomes spanning 15 families. The analysis found that mygalomorph genomes were generally larger and more repeat-rich than those of their araneomorph sister lineage.

What the researchers built

The team combined PacBio HiFi sequencing with Hi-C data to assemble the genome of a mature male Aphonopelma marxi. The final assembly spans about 6.5 billion bases and places 99.7% of that sequence into 17 autosomes and one X chromosome.

About 78.8% of the genome was identified as repetitive sequence. A large genome is not automatically a more complex organism; repeat expansion, chromosome history, gene duplication, and other evolutionary processes can all change genome size.

What the comparison suggests

The authors compared the new assembly with 20 published spider genomes from 15 families. Across that sample, mygalomorphs—tarantulas, many trapdoor spiders, and their relatives—generally had larger, more repeat-rich genomes than araneomorph spiders.

The study also found extensive chromosome rearrangement across roughly 300 million years of spider evolution. Because only a small fraction of known spider diversity currently has chromosome-level genomic data, the broad pattern should be tested as more lineages are sequenced.

Why it belongs here

Introvertebrates already compares Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae without calling either group "primitive" or less truly spider-like. This paper adds another layer: the two branches differ not only in familiar anatomy and natural history, but also in the way their genomes have expanded and reorganised over deep time.