:root {
  color-scheme: dark;
  --research-bg: #040a12;
  --research-surface: #07131f;
  --research-text: #f4f8fb;
  --research-muted: #8ba8b8;
  --research-teal: #14f1c4;
  --research-blue: #1fa2ff;
  --research-gold: #cfaf70;
  --research-line: rgba(139, 196, 214, 0.15);
  --research-shell: 1180px;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-padding-top: 100px;
}

body.research-index-body,
body.research-article-body {
  min-width: 320px;
  margin: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 72% 8%, rgba(20, 241, 196, 0.08), transparent 25rem),
    radial-gradient(circle at 12% 30%, rgba(31, 162, 255, 0.09), transparent 30rem),
    var(--home-bg, var(--research-bg));
  color: var(--home-text, var(--research-text));
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  text-align: left;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

body.research-index-body *,
body.research-index-body *::before,
body.research-index-body *::after,
body.research-article-body *,
body.research-article-body *::before,
body.research-article-body *::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body.research-index-body :focus-visible,
body.research-article-body :focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--research-teal);
  outline-offset: 4px;
}

body.research-index-body .site-footer,
body.research-article-body .site-footer {
  margin-top: 0;
  text-align: left;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.research-shell {
  width: min(var(--research-shell), calc(100% - 48px));
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.research-skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 100;
  top: 10px;
  left: 10px;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: var(--research-teal);
  color: #02110e;
  font-weight: 750;
  text-decoration: none;
  transform: translateY(-160%);
}

.research-skip-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.research-site-header {
  position: sticky;
  z-index: 20;
  top: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(139, 196, 214, 0.1);
  background: rgba(4, 10, 18, 0.84);
  backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
}

.research-header-inner {
  min-height: 74px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 28px;
}

.research-brand {
  min-height: 44px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 11px;
  color: var(--research-text);
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  font-weight: 720;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-brand img {
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  display: block;
  object-fit: contain;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 0 14px rgba(20, 241, 196, 0.22));
}

.research-site-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 6px;
}

.research-site-nav a {
  min-height: 44px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0 13px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: #a9bec9;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 610;
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
  transition: background 180ms ease, color 180ms ease;
}

.research-site-nav a:hover,
.research-site-nav a[aria-current="page"] {
  background: rgba(20, 241, 196, 0.08);
  color: var(--research-text);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-page {
  width: min(var(--research-shell), calc(100% - 48px));
  max-width: none;
  min-height: calc(100vh - 74px);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 0 clamp(90px, 12vw, 150px);
}

.research-hero {
  max-width: 900px;
  padding-block: clamp(70px, 9vw, 126px) clamp(58px, 8vw, 96px);
}

.research-eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: var(--research-gold);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 760;
  letter-spacing: 0.19em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-page .research-hero h1 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--research-text);
  font-size: clamp(3rem, 6.3vw, 6.4rem);
  font-weight: 660;
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
  line-height: 0.98;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.research-page .intro {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: 30px 0 0;
  color: var(--research-muted);
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.7vw, 1.16rem);
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.research-intro-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-top: 28px;
}

.research-page .suggest-link,
.research-action-link {
  min-height: 46px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--research-line);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.025);
  color: var(--research-text);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-page .suggest-link:hover,
.research-action-link:hover {
  border-color: rgba(20, 241, 196, 0.42);
  background: rgba(20, 241, 196, 0.08);
  color: var(--research-text);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-page .disclaimer {
  max-width: 650px;
  margin: 18px 0 0;
  color: #657f8d;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.research-page .controls {
  position: sticky;
  z-index: 10;
  top: 86px;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  margin: 0 0 34px;
  padding: 13px 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--research-line);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: rgba(7, 19, 31, 0.92);
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
}

.research-page .filter-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  scrollbar-width: none;
}

.research-page .filter-row::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

.research-page .filter-chip {
  min-height: 44px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0 14px;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: transparent;
  color: #8fa8b5;
  font-size: 0.77rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  cursor: pointer;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.research-page .filter-chip:hover,
.research-page .filter-chip.active,
.research-page .filter-chip[aria-pressed="true"] {
  background: rgba(20, 241, 196, 0.1);
  color: var(--research-text);
}

.research-page .sort-control {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  color: #8fa8b5;
  font-size: 0.77rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.research-page .sort-control select {
  min-height: 44px;
  padding: 0 36px 0 13px;
  border: 1px solid var(--research-line);
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: #0a1928;
  color: var(--research-text);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
}

.research-page .entry-list {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
}

.research-page .entry {
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: clamp(24px, 4vw, 34px);
  border: 1px solid var(--research-line);
  border-radius: 22px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0, rgba(31, 162, 255, 0.07), transparent 18rem),
    var(--research-surface);
  box-shadow: none;
}

.research-page .entry-dates {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px 16px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  color: #678493;
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-page .entry-date-item {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
}

.research-page .entry-date-label {
  color: #8aa4b0;
}

.research-page .entry-header {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column-reverse;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.research-page .entry-title-wrap {
  min-width: 0;
}

.research-page .entry h2 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--research-text);
  font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.8vw, 2rem);
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  line-height: 1.16;
}

.research-page .badge,
.research-article-body .badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 30px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 10px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(207, 175, 112, 0.22);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(207, 175, 112, 0.08);
  color: var(--research-gold);
  font-size: 0.63rem;
  font-weight: 760;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-page .entry > p {
  margin: 0 0 15px;
  color: var(--research-muted);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.72;
}

.research-page .entry strong {
  color: #c4d7df;
}

.research-page .entry .meta {
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 18px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--research-line);
  color: #6f8b99;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.research-page .entry-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px 16px;
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--research-line);
}

.research-page .entry-actions .research-action-link {
  min-height: 42px;
  padding-inline: 16px;
  border-color: rgba(20, 241, 196, 0.24);
  background: rgba(20, 241, 196, 0.07);
}

.research-page .research-source-link {
  min-height: 42px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  color: #7593a2;
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-page .research-source-link:hover {
  color: var(--research-teal);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-page .entry a {
  color: var(--research-teal);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-page .entry a:hover {
  color: var(--research-text);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.research-empty {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  padding: 50px 24px;
  border: 1px solid var(--research-line);
  border-radius: 20px;
  color: var(--research-muted);
  text-align: center;
}

.article-page {
  width: min(var(--research-shell), calc(100% - 48px));
  max-width: none;
  min-height: calc(100vh - 74px);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: clamp(70px, 9vw, 120px) 0 clamp(90px, 12vw, 150px);
}

.article-page .back-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 20px;
  margin-bottom: 48px;
}

.article-page .back-link {
  min-height: 44px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  color: #90aab7;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.article-page .back-link:hover {
  color: var(--research-teal);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.article-header {
  max-width: 960px;
  margin-bottom: clamp(54px, 8vw, 90px);
}

.article-page .meta-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px 18px;
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: #678493;
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-page .meta-item {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
}

.article-page .meta-label {
  color: #8aa4b0;
}

.article-page .badge {
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}

.article-page h1 {
  max-width: 1040px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--research-text);
  font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 7vw, 6.4rem);
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
  line-height: 0.98;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.article-page .lead {
  max-width: 820px;
  margin: 28px 0 0;
  color: var(--research-muted);
  font-size: clamp(1.02rem, 1.8vw, 1.2rem);
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.article-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 760px) minmax(250px, 1fr);
  align-items: start;
  gap: clamp(46px, 9vw, 120px);
}

.article-content {
  min-width: 0;
}

.article-content h2,
.legacy-article .panel h2 {
  margin: 2.6em 0 0.75em;
  color: var(--research-text);
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 3vw, 2.2rem);
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.article-content h2:first-child,
.legacy-article .panel h2:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.article-content p,
.legacy-article .panel p {
  margin: 0 0 1.4em;
  color: #a3bac6;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.85;
}

.article-content em,
.legacy-article .panel em {
  color: #c8d8df;
}

.article-content strong,
.legacy-article .panel strong {
  color: #d5e3e9;
}

.article-sidebar {
  position: sticky;
  top: 104px;
  display: grid;
  gap: 14px;
}

.article-source,
.article-note {
  padding: 22px;
  border: 1px solid var(--research-line);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: var(--research-surface);
}

.article-source h2 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--research-text);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.article-source p,
.article-note {
  margin: 0;
  color: #7895a4;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.article-source a,
.article-content a,
.legacy-article a {
  color: var(--research-teal);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.article-source a:hover,
.article-content a:hover,
.legacy-article a:hover {
  color: var(--research-text);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.legacy-article .panel {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.legacy-article .panel + .panel {
  max-width: 760px;
  padding: 22px;
  border: 1px solid var(--research-line);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: var(--research-surface);
}

.legacy-article .note {
  max-width: 760px;
  color: #7895a4;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.research-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--research-line);
  color: #607d8c;
  font-size: 0.76rem;
}

.research-footer-inner {
  min-height: 96px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 30px;
}

.research-footer-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 8px 22px;
}

.research-footer-links a {
  color: #7593a2;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-footer-links a:hover {
  color: var(--research-teal);
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Homepage-aligned research index */
.research-page {
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.research-page .research-hero {
  min-height: calc(100vh - 74px);
  max-width: none;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.82fr) minmax(480px, 1.18fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(42px, 7vw, 92px);
  padding-block: clamp(70px, 9vw, 126px);
}

.research-hero-copy {
  min-width: 0;
}

.research-page .research-hero h1 {
  max-width: 760px;
}

.research-page .research-hero .intro {
  max-width: 640px;
  margin-top: 28px;
  color: var(--home-muted);
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.55vw, 1.16rem);
}

.research-page .research-intro-actions {
  gap: 11px;
  margin-top: 32px;
}

.research-page .research-hero .disclaimer {
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.research-hero-visual {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 570px;
  margin: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--home-line);
  border-radius: 28px;
  background: var(--home-surface);
  isolation: isolate;
}

.research-hero-visual::after {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 1;
  inset: 26% 0 0;
  background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(2, 8, 14, 0.96), rgba(2, 8, 14, 0.16));
  content: "";
  pointer-events: none;
}

.research-hero-visual img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 570px;
  display: block;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: 57% 50%;
  transition: transform 800ms ease;
}

.research-hero-visual:hover img {
  transform: scale(1.02);
}

.research-hero-visual figcaption {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  right: clamp(24px, 5vw, 48px);
  bottom: clamp(24px, 5vw, 46px);
  left: clamp(24px, 5vw, 48px);
}

.research-visual-kicker,
.research-hero-visual figcaption strong,
.research-hero-visual figcaption > span:last-child {
  display: block;
}

.research-visual-kicker {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: var(--home-gold);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 760;
  letter-spacing: 0.17em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-hero-visual figcaption strong {
  max-width: 500px;
  color: var(--home-text);
  font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 4.5vw, 3.5rem);
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.research-hero-visual figcaption > span:last-child {
  max-width: 480px;
  margin-top: 14px;
  color: #a9bec9;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.research-archive {
  padding-block: clamp(82px, 10vw, 138px);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--home-line);
  scroll-margin-top: 80px;
}

.research-list-heading {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(320px, 480px);
  align-items: end;
  gap: 32px;
  margin-bottom: 36px;
}

.research-list-heading h2 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--home-text);
  font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 5vw, 4.5rem);
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: -0.05em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.research-list-heading > p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--home-muted);
  font-size: 0.94rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.research-page .controls {
  top: 82px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  border-color: var(--home-line);
  background: rgba(7, 19, 31, 0.9);
}

.research-page .entry-list {
  gap: 18px;
}

.research-page .entry {
  min-height: 360px;
  padding: clamp(26px, 4vw, 38px);
  border-color: var(--home-line);
  border-radius: 24px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0, rgba(31, 162, 255, 0.08), transparent 20rem),
    var(--home-surface);
}

.research-page .entry h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 2.8vw, 2.15rem);
}

.research-page .entry-actions .research-card-button {
  min-height: 44px;
  padding-inline: 16px;
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .research-page .research-hero {
    min-height: auto;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-hero-copy {
    max-width: 760px;
  }

  .research-list-heading {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    align-items: start;
  }

  .research-page .entry-list {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .article-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .article-sidebar {
    position: static;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
  html {
    scroll-padding-top: 132px;
  }

  .research-shell,
  .research-page,
  .article-page {
    width: min(100% - 32px, var(--research-shell));
  }

  .research-header-inner {
    min-height: 108px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 2px 14px;
    padding-block: 8px;
  }

  .research-brand img {
    width: 34px;
    height: 34px;
  }

  .research-site-nav {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    overflow-x: auto;
    scrollbar-width: none;
  }

  .research-site-nav::-webkit-scrollbar {
    display: none;
  }

  .research-site-nav a {
    min-height: 44px;
    padding-inline: 9px;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
  }

  .research-page .controls {
    position: static;
    display: grid;
    gap: 10px;
  }

  .research-hero-visual,
  .research-hero-visual img {
    min-height: 430px;
  }

  .research-page .entry {
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .research-page .filter-row {
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }

  .research-page .sort-control {
    justify-content: space-between;
  }

  .research-page .sort-control select {
    min-width: 190px;
  }

  .article-page {
    padding-top: 56px;
  }

  .article-page .back-links {
    margin-bottom: 38px;
  }

  .article-page h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.6rem, 13vw, 4.8rem);
  }

  .article-sidebar {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-footer-inner {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    padding-block: 28px;
  }

  .research-footer-links {
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }

  *, *::before, *::after {
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
  }

  .research-hero-visual:hover img {
    transform: none;
  }
}